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README
Apache-2.0

Moquette的改进

Build Status

一些注意事项

  • 启动类为io.moquette.server.Server
  • 启动需要加入jvm参数,如 -Dmoquette.path=D:\workspace-myself\moquette\moquette-broker
  • 基于JDK8
  • Publisher及Subscribe是可用于测试消息
  • 对moquette的测试上改进了众多功能。

打包后的zip包

/doc/moquette-0.10.8.tar.gz

改进

  • 修改消息队列长度为32,避免了原来消息队列超过最大条数之后,publish出错的情况
  • 修改了storage的构造函数,使其更通用
  • 修改了每次都对clientId的判定,针对client首次链接的情况
  • 修改了离线消息签收时的空指针异常
  • 弃用了一些不常用的模块
  • 添加了redis存储实现 redis采用了现有conf配置机制 重新设计了session的存储结构,以便后续添加分片处理
  • 修改工程的结构,独立了common模块,同时将redis,mapdb,broker建在common基础上
  • 针对publish的内存泄漏,进行了修改,moquette未回收导致

经常会在项目中用到消息传递,在不同的场景下,消息传递的要求是不一样的。java世界中,jms的规范可遵循,同时也有开源的相关软件来支持。 本文来说说一下mqtt,以及moquette。在选择mqtt的中间件时较为纠结,对于非大众化的开源框架的使用没有底气。好在有源码,研究源码,经过大量测试,效果还可以,推荐给大家。

经测试过程发现moquette存在一些问题,已修改,可能是认识的问题,也可能是出发点不一样。

总之,修改如下:

  1. 修改消息队列长度为32,避免了原来消息队列超过最大条数之后,publish出错的情况 修改了storage的构造函数,使其更通用
  2. 修改了每次都对clientId的判定,针对client首次链接的情况 修改了离线消息签收时的空指针异常 弃用了一些不常用的模块
  3. 添加了redis存储实现 redis采用了现有conf配置机制 重新设计了session的存储结构,以便后续添加分片处理
  4. 修改工程的结构,独立了common模块,同时将redis,mapdb,broker建在common基础上
  5. 针对publish的内存泄漏,进行了修改(原本以为是netty泄露),经过两天的不眠不休的调试,发现是moquette未回收导致

使用说明文档:

1.简介

Moquette是一款开源的消息代理,整个系统基于java开发,以netty为基础完整实现了MQTT协议的。 基于测试,moquette的客户端承载量及消息的推送速度都比较客观,在大批量频繁短线上线的情景下,也可以承受。 Moquette代码是完全开源的,测试过程中的问题进行了一定的修改,扩展实现了基于redis存储的机制。

2.使用

2.1配置文件

Moquette所使用的配置文件位于其根目录下的config里,包括以下:

  1. acl.conf 权限配置
  2. hazelcast.xml 集群配置
  3. password_file.conf 用户密码配置
  4. moquette.conf 主配置

下面将详细讲解各配置文件

权限配置

基于文件的权限配置较为复杂,以下为示例格式,将针对该示例具体说明。

user admin
topic write mqtt/log
pattern write mqtt/log/+
topic read mqtt/lost
user client
topic read mqtt/log
pattern read mqtt/log/%c
topic write mqtt/lost
  1. [user admin] 指示一个用户admin。其后的条目,代表该用户的相关topic的读写权限,一直到另一个user结束。

  2. [topic write wifi/log] 代表队wifi/log主题具有write权限,topic命令指定特定的主题名称,不能带有通配符。

  3. [pattern write wifi/log/+] 使用通配符指示符合规则的一定数量的topic的权限。 权限分类:

    • write
    • read
    • writeread

集群配置

Moquette的集群配置实用的是hazelcast。Hazelcast是基于java编写的数据同步工具。在moquette中,用于不同节点消息的同步。

<network>
<public-address>IP1:5701</public-address>
<port>5701</port>
<join>
       <multicast enabled="false" />
       <tcp-ip enabled="true">
              <required-member>IP2:5701</required-member>
       </tcp-ip>
</join>
</network>

public-address:代表了当前节点的IP及端口 required-member:代表了集群中的其他节点。 各节点的集群模式建立后,各节点是对等关系,无主从之分

用户管理

该文件用于系统的可登录用户,实例格式如下:

#*********************************************
# Each line define a user login in the format
#   <username>:sha256(<password>)
#*********************************************
#NB this password is sha256(passwd)
admin:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92
client:8d969eef6ecad3c29a3a629280e686cf0c3f5d5a86aff3ca12020c923adc6c92

该文件的格式非常简单: 每行代表了一个用户及其密码,用:分割,密码是sha256摘要后的结果。

关于client(消费者)所使用的用户,大部分情况下,client只需要其clientId来区分,因此后台可针对业务类型建立不同的用户分给client使用,不需要为每个clientId都建立用户。

主配置

主配置中包含了较多内容,介绍如下:

1.端口

port 1883
websocket_port 8383

port 1883 是broker的主端口,默认为MQTT协议的1883端口 由于系统提供了websocket功能,可以使用websocket的方式使用(该模式未进行测试)。

2. SSL端口及配置

# ssl_port 8883
#jks_path serverkeystore.jks
#key_store_password passw0rdsrv
#key_manager_password passw0rdsrv

对于有较高安全要求的系统,可以添加SSL支持。

3.IP绑定限制

#*********************************************************************
# The interface to bind the server
#  0.0.0.0 means "any"
#*********************************************************************
host 0.0.0.0

4.存储设置

storage_class io.moquette.persistence.redis.RedisStorageService 由于基于不同存储的实现的性能,差异性较大,moquette默认采用内存存储的模式,该模式有很高的性能,但存在单点崩溃下,消息丢失的风险(由于集群负载的使用,可降低该问题发生的影响范围)。 如果对存储过于看重,性能可求次,可使用基于redis的存储实现,其自带的mapdb的存储实现,错误较多。 在不设置的情况,默认采用的基于memory的存储实现。

5.启用权限访问

#*********************************************************************
# acl_file:
#    defines the path to the ACL file relative to moquette home dir
#    contained in the moquette.path system property
#*********************************************************************
acl_file config/acl.conf

以上代表了,broker将以acl.conf中的内容为基础进行授权鉴权。

6.是否允许匿名访问

#*********************************************************************
# allow_anonymous is used to accept MQTT connections also from not
# authenticated clients.
#   - false to accept ONLY client connetions with credentials.
#   - true to accept client connection without credentails, validating
#       only against the password_file, the ones that provides.
#*********************************************************************
allow_anonymous false

以上代表不允许匿名访问,必须使用用户名及密码才可以访问。

7.用户密码文件配置

#*********************************************************************
# password_file:
#    defines the path to the file that contains the credentials for
#    authenticated client connection. It's relative to moquette home dir
#    defined by the system property moquette.path
#*********************************************************************
password_file config/password_file.conf

以上代表broker将使用password文件进行鉴权,若不需要则可以将其注释掉。

8.epoll的启用

#*********************************************************************
# Netty Configuration
#*********************************************************************
#
# Linux systems can use epoll instead of nio. To get a performance
# gain and reduced GC.
# http://netty.io/wiki/native-transports.html for more information
#
netty.epoll true

在linux系统下,提供的epoll机制,可使系统能够承载更高的终端。以上代表启用epoll。在机器硬件较好的情况下,epoll模式提升明显。

9.集群配置

#hazelcast
#intercept.handler io.moquette.interception.HazelcastInterceptHandler

集群配置的情况下,需要开启以上配置,开启配置的前提是hazelcast.xml文件已配置。

10.Redis配置

#redis storage
redis.host localhost
redis.port 6379
redis.password
redis.database 0
redis.prefix monitor:

在store_class已经配置为redis的情况下,需要配置以上参数,由于集群模式使用hazelcast,目前的基于redis的实现,不具备分片等功能,但键值的设计已经具备。

2.2 启动

Moquette代码工程采用maven管理,采用maven install可以打包一个在linux下运行的文件,打包后的格式如下:

  • Lib目录是所有使用到的lib文件,分为: 这里写图片描述
  1. Netty相关
  2. Hazelcast
  3. Log相关
  4. Redis存储实现引入的lib:在使用memory的模式下,redis相关可以删除,减少包的大小。
  • Bin目录: 这里写图片描述

  • linux下的moquette.sh启动方式: 默认不是以后台运行的方式,需要使用以下命令运行:

linux下的moquette.sh启动方式: 默认不是以后台运行的方式,需要使用以下命令运行:

 setsid  ./moquette.sh &

nohup命令模式会找不到配置好的log输出。 Windows下以bat命令运行

2.3 客户端

实现moqtt协议的客户端存在很多种,针对该broker,目前测试使用的是eclipse-phao的,该客户端实现提供了多种语言版本,便于不同终端使用。

可以在以下的网址中找到相关语言版本的下载:http://www.eclipse.org/paho/downloads.php

针对不同的语言版本,可提供的功能存在不同,目前broker默认没有实现除mqtt协议规范中提到的功能。

重连机制,需要客户端想法实现该机制,避免客户端掉线后只能重启才能链接的境界。

image

3. 测试

该broker经过了多次测试。 测试场景:

1.机器配置

内存 CPU
8G 4核

Client所运行机器多样,每台机器运行5000个client。 Publish为普通windows机器,两个publisher,每个5个发送线程,平均每秒100条消息。

2.消息发送速度

  • 10秒一条群发的情况下,测试3论。
  • 每秒100条点对点的消息情况下,测试3轮。
  • 每轮测试20到30几个小时。

3.客户端情况

Client在clean Session的情况下,broker的内存占用较低,仅400M左右 在不清理会话的情况下,内存占用较高,在client大批量反复掉线重连情况下内存占用达到2G 心跳设置60s,过短(低于30s)的心跳,对broker来说不能承受。

4集群情况

搭建了两个节点的集群,通过nginx进行tcp负载,客户端测试数量为3万。

3.1承载量测试

1.单broker从8000,15000,18000,25000几个级别的测试,在不发送消息的情况下,这几个级别的客户端都可以连接。

承载量 结果
8000 OK
15000 OK
18000 OK
25000 OK

2.在发送消息的情况

承载量 结果
8000 OK
15000 OK
18000 NG
25000 NG

在每10秒一条群发消息的情况下,单点broker的无掉线承载量是15000,18000发生较多的掉线情况。

3.2消息接收速度

在10秒一条群发消息及每秒100条点对点消息的发送情况下,消息的接受速度都在1秒以内。

3.3所占内存

基于实现分析,内存的占用主要由client在不清理会话进行链接掉线后产生的消息积累,在原有基于内存的实现机制中,为每个client保存1024条消息,在超过1024条后,消息会导致publish端出错。修改后的实现,为每个离线client保存最新的32条消息,超过32条的将被丢弃。

基于redis的实现,消息目前没有设定弃用或过期机制。

测试期间的内存分析: IP1的broker,总内存占用情况如下 image image

内存稳定在800M左右,处于稳定状态。

3.4注意问题

基于内存的存储实现,目前仅保存32条离线消息,超过32条将丢弃原有的。

遗愿消息内容必须为ascii,不能为其他字符。遗愿消息主要用于客户端掉线后的处理。

客户端的心跳不能设置过小,否则broker的承载量将严重下降,建议60s以上。

遗留的问题:

  • 在心跳之间的时间段,测试发现存在broker误签收的情况。
  • 以上问题,在业务实际使用过程中,采取业务签收等方式,避免消息质量的不可靠性的出现。

3.5 交流支持

image

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Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor ("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") against any losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own expense.</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibility alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay those damages.</span> </p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">5. NO WARRANTY</span></b> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of rights under this Agreement , including but not limited to the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY</span></b> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.</span> </p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">7. GENERAL</span></b> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">If Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, Recipient's obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this Agreement, but in order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is copyrighted and may only be modified in the following manner. The Agreement Steward reserves the right to publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. No one other than the Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement. The Eclipse Foundation is the initial Agreement Steward. The Eclipse Foundation may assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a suitable separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. Except as expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this Agreement are reserved.</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation.</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->&nbsp;<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <div class="Section2"> <p style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b>Apache License</b></br> Version 2.0, January 2004<br/> http://www.apache.org/licenses/<br/> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION</spam></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">1. Definitions.</span></b> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.</span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">2. Grant of Copyright License.</span></b> </p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.</span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">3. Grant of Patent License.</span></b><p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 4. 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The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.</span><p> </li> </ul> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 5. Submission of Contributions. </span></b></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 6. Trademarks. </span></b></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. </span></b></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 8. Limitation of Liability. </span></b></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;">In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. </span></p> <p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 9. 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However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. </span></p> </div> </body></html>

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