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README
GPL-3.0

SmartDNS

English

SmartDNS
SmartDNS是一个运行在本地的DNS服务器,SmartDNS接受本地客户端的DNS查询请求,从多个上游DNS服务器获取DNS查询结果,并将访问速度最快的结果返回给客户端,提高网络访问速度。 同时支持指定特定域名IP地址,并高性匹配,达到过滤广告的效果。
与dnsmasq的all-servers不同,smartdns返回的是访问速度最快的解析结果。 (详细差异请看FAQ)

支持树莓派,openwrt,华硕路由器,windows等设备。

目录

  1. 软件效果展示
  2. 特性
  3. 架构
  4. 使用
    1. 下载配套安装包
    2. 标准Linux系统安装
    3. openwrt/LEDE
    4. 华硕路由器原生固件/梅林固件
    5. optware/entware
    6. Windows 10 WSL安装/WSL ubuntu
  5. 配置参数
  6. 捐助
  7. FAQ

软件效果展示

阿里DNS
使用阿里DNS查询百度IP,并检测结果。

pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup www.baidu.com 223.5.5.5
Server:         223.5.5.5
Address:        223.5.5.5#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 180.97.33.108
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 180.97.33.107

pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ ping 180.97.33.107 -c 2
PING 180.97.33.107 (180.97.33.107) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=24.3 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=24.2 ms

--- 180.97.33.107 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.275/24.327/24.380/0.164 ms
pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ ping 180.97.33.108 -c 2
PING 180.97.33.108 (180.97.33.108) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=31.1 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.108: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=31.0 ms

--- 180.97.33.108 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 31.014/31.094/31.175/0.193 ms

smartdns
使用SmartDNS查询百度IP,并检测结果。

pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:         192.168.1.1
Address:        192.168.1.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 14.215.177.39

pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ ping 14.215.177.39 -c 2
PING 14.215.177.39 (14.215.177.39) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=6.31 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.39: icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=5.95 ms

--- 14.215.177.39 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.954/6.133/6.313/0.195 ms

从对比看出,smartdns找到访问www.baidu.com最快的IP地址,这样访问百度比阿里DNS速度快5倍。

特性

  1. 多DNS上游服务器
    支持配置多个上游DNS服务器,并同时进行查询,即使其中有DNS服务器异常,也不会影响查询。

  2. 返回最快IP地址
    支持从域名所属IP地址列表中查找到访问速度最快的IP地址,并返回给客户端,提高网络访问速度。

  3. 支持多种查询协议
    支持UDP,TCP,TLS, HTTPS查询,以及非53端口查询。

  4. 特定域名IP地址指定
    支持指定域名的IP地址,达到广告过滤效果,避免恶意网站的效果。

  5. 域名高性能后缀匹配
    支持域名后缀匹配模式,简化过滤配置,过滤20万条记录时间<1ms

  6. 域名分流
    支持域名分流,不同类型的域名到不同的DNS服务器查询。

  7. Linux/Windows多平台支持
    支持标准Linux系统(树莓派),openwrt系统各种固件,华硕路由器原生固件。以及支持Windows 10 WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux)。

  8. 支持IPV4, IPV6双栈
    支持IPV4,IPV6网络,支持查询A, AAAA记录,支持双栈IP速度优化,并支持完全禁用IPV6 AAAA解析。

  9. 高性能,占用资源少
    多线程异步IO模式,cache缓存查询结果。

架构

Architecture

  1. SmartDNS接收本地网络设备的DNS查询请求,如PC,手机的查询请求。
  2. SmartDNS将查询请求发送到多个上游DNS服务器,可采用标准UDP查询,非标准端口UDP查询,及TCP查询。
  3. 上游DNS服务器返回域名对应的Server IP地址列表。SmartDNS检测与本地网络访问速度最快的Server IP。
  4. 将访问速度最快的Server IP返回给本地客户端。

使用

下载配套安装包


下载配套版本的SmartDNS安装包,对应安装包配套关系如下。

系统 安装包 说明
标准Linux系统(树莓派) smartdns.xxxxxxxx.arm-debian-all.deb 支持树莓派Raspbian stretch,Debian 9系统。
标准Linux系统(Armbian arm64) smartdns.xxxxxxxx.aarch64-debian-all.deb 支持ARM64的Debian stretch,Debian 9系统。
标准Linux系统(x86_64) smartdns.xxxxxxxx.x86_64-linux-all.tar.gz 支持x86_64 Linux 系统。
Windows 10 WSL (ubuntu) smartdns.xxxxxxxx.x86_64-linux-all.tar.gz 支持Windows 10 WSL ubuntu系统。
标准Linux系统(x86) smartdns.xxxxxxxx.x86-linux-all.tar.gz 支持x86系统。
optware smartdns.xxxxxxxx.mips-optware-all.ipk 支持MIPS大端架构的optware系统。
optware smartdns.xxxxxxxx.mipsel-optware-all.ipk 支持MIPS小端架构的optware系统。
optware smartdns.xxxxxxxx.arm-optware-all.ipk 支持arm小端架构的optware系统。
openwrt smartdns.xxxxxxxx.mips-openwrt-all.ipk 支持MIPS大端架构的openwrt系统。
openwrt smartdns.xxxxxxxx.mipsel-openwrt-all.ipk 支持MIPS小端架构的openwrt系统。
openwrt smartdns.xxxxxxxx.arm-openwrt-all.ipk 支持arm小端架构的openwrt系统。
openwrt LUCI luci-app-smartdns.xxxxxxxxx.all.ipk openwrt管理界面。
openwrt LUCI luci-app-smartdns.xxxxxxxxx.all-luci-compat-all 兼容版本openwrt管理界面, openwrt 18.xx及之前版本安装。
  • 单独release的软件包为静态编译软件包,无外部依赖,但体积大。若需要小体积软件包,请自行编译或从openwrt/entware仓库获取。

  • 因静态编译,软件包未强制判断CPU架构,安装不正确的软件包将会导致服务无法启动,请获取正确的软件包。

  • 请在Release页面下载:点击此处下载

https://github.com/pymumu/smartdns/releases
  • 各种设备的安装步骤,请参考后面的章节。

标准Linux系统安装/树莓派/X86_64系统


  1. 安装

    下载配套安装包smartdns.xxxxxxxx.arm-debian-all.deb,并上传到Linux系统中。 执行如下命令安装

    dpkg -i smartdns.xxxxxxxx.arm-debian-all.deb

    x86系统下载配套安装包smartdns.xxxxxxxx.x86_64-linux-all.tar.gz, 并上传到Linux系统中。 执行如下命令安装

    tar zxf smartdns.xxxxxxxx.x86_64-linux-all.tar.gz
    cd smartdns
    chmod +x ./install
    ./install -i
  2. 修改配置

    安装完成后,可配置smartdns的上游服务器信息。具体配置参数参考配置参数说明。
    一般情况下,只需要增加server [IP]:port, server-tcp [IP]:port配置项, 尽可能配置多个上游DNS服务器,包括国内外的服务器。配置参数请查看配置参数章节。

    vi /etc/smartdns/smartdns.conf
  3. 启动服务

    systemctl enable smartdns
    systemctl start smartdns
  4. 将DNS请求转发的SmartDNS解析。

    修改本地路由器的DNS服务器,将DNS服务器配置为SmartDNS。

    • 登录到本地网络的路由器中,配置树莓派分配静态IP地址。
    • 修改WAN口或者DHCP DNS为树莓派IP地址。
      注意:
      I. 每款路由器配置方法不尽相同,请百度搜索相关的配置方法。
      II.华为等路由器可能不支持配置DNS为本地IP,请修改PC端,手机端DNS服务器为树莓派IP。
  5. 检测服务是否配置成功。

    使用nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns查询域名
    看命令结果中的name项目是否显示为smartdns主机名,如smartdns则表示生效

    pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns
    Server:         192.168.1.1
    Address:        192.168.1.1#53
    
    Non-authoritative answer:
    smartdns        name = smartdns.

openwrt


  1. 安装

    将软件使用winscp上传到路由器的/root目录,执行如下命令安装

    opkg install smartdns.xxxxxxxx.xxxx.ipk
    opkg install luci-app-smartdns.xxxxxxxx.xxxx.all.ipk
    • 注意: 19.07之前的版本,请安装luci-app-smartdns.xxxxxxxxx.all-luci-compat-all界面。
  2. 修改配置

    登录openwrt管理页面,打开Services->SmartDNS进行配置。

    • Upstream Servers增加上游DNS服务器配置,建议配置多个国内外DNS服务器。
    • Domain Address指定特定域名的IP地址,可用于广告屏蔽。
  3. 启用服务

    SmartDNS服务生效方法有两种,一种是直接作为主DNS服务另一种是作为dnsmasq的上游
    默认情况下,SmartDNS采用第一种方式。如下两种方式根据需求选择即可。

  4. 启用方法一:作为主DNS(默认方案)

    • 启用smartdns的53端口重定向

      登录路由器,点击Services->SmartDNS->redirect,选择重定向53端口到SmartDNS启用53端口转发。

    • 检测转发服务是否配置成功

      使用nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns查询域名
      看命令结果中的name项目是否显示为smartdns主机名,如smartdns则表示生效

      pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns
      Server:         192.168.1.1
      Address:        192.168.1.1#53
      
      Non-authoritative answer:
      smartdns        name = smartdns.
    • 界面提示重定向失败

      • 检查iptable,ip6table命令是否正确安装。
      • openwrt 15.01系统不支持IPV6重定向,如网络需要支持IPV6,请将DNSMASQ上游改为smartdns,或者将smartdns的端口改为53,并停用dnsmasq。
      • LEDE之后系统,请安装IPV6的nat转发驱动。点击system->Software,点击update lists更新软件列表后,安装ip6tables-mod-nat
      • 使用如下命令检查路由规则是否生效。
      iptables -t nat -L PREROUTING | grep REDIRECT
      • 如转发功能不正常,请使用方法二:作为DNSMASQ的上游。
  5. 方法二:作为DNSMASQ的上游

    • 将dnsmasq的请求发送到smartdns

      登录路由器,点击Services->SmartDNS->redirect,选择作为dnsmasq的上游服务器设置dnsmasq的上游服务器为smartdns。

    • 检测上游服务是否配置成功

      • 方法一:使用nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns查询域名
        看命令结果中的name项目是否显示为smartdns主机名,如smartdns则表示生效
      pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns
      Server:         192.168.1.1
      Address:        192.168.1.1#53
      
      Non-authoritative answer:
      smartdns        name = smartdns.
      • 方法二:使用nslookup查询www.baidu.com域名,查看结果中百度的IP地址是否只有一个,如有多个IP地址返回,则表示未生效,请多尝试几个域名检查。
      pi@raspberrypi:~ $ nslookup www.baidu.com 192.168.1.1
      Server:         192.168.1.1
      Address:        192.168.1.1#53
      
      Non-authoritative answer:
      www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
      Name:   www.a.shifen.com
      Address: 14.215.177.38
  6. 启动服务

    勾选配置页面中的Enable(启用)来启动SmartDNS

  7. 注意:

    • 如已经安装chinaDNS,建议将chinaDNS的上游配置为SmartDNS。
    • SmartDNS默认情况,将53端口的请求转发到SmartDNS的本地端口,由Redirect配置选项控制。

华硕路由器原生固件/梅林固件


说明:梅林固件派生自华硕固件,理论上可以直接使用华硕配套的安装包使用。但目前未经验证,如有问题,请提交issue。

  1. 准备

    在使用此软件时,需要确认路由器是否支持U盘,并准备好U盘一个。

  2. 启用SSH登录

    登录管理界面,点击系统管理->点击系统设置,配置Enable SSHLan Only
    SSH登录用户名密码与管理界面相同。

  3. 下载Download Master

    在管理界面点击USB相关应用->点击Download Master下载。
    下载完成后,启用Download Master,如果不需要下载功能,此处可以卸载Download Master,但要保证卸载前Download Master是启用的。

  4. 安装SmartDNS

    将软件使用winscp上传到路由器的/tmp/mnt/sda1目录。(或网上邻居复制到sda1共享目录)

    ipkg install smartdns.xxxxxxx.mipsbig.ipk
  5. 重启路由器生效服务

    待路由器启动后,使用nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns查询域名
    看命令结果中的name项目是否显示为smartdns主机名,如smartdns则表示生效

    pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns
    Server:         192.168.1.1
    Address:        192.168.1.1#53
    
    Non-authoritative answer:
    smartdns        name = smartdns.
  6. 额外说明

    上述过程,smartdns将安装到U盘根目录,采用optware的模式运行。 其目录结构如下: (此处仅列出smartdns相关文件)

    U盘
    └── asusware.mipsbig
            ├── bin
            ├── etc
            |    ├── smartdns
            |    |     └── smartdns.conf
            |    └── init.d
            |          └── S50smartdns
            ├── lib
            ├── sbin
            ├── usr
            |    └── sbin
            |          └── smartdns
            ....

    如要修改配置,可以ssh登录路由器,使用vi命令修改

    vi /opt/etc/smartdns/smartdns.conf

    也可以通过网上邻居修改,网上邻居共享目录sda1看不到asusware.mipsbig目录,但可以直接在文件管理器中输入asusware.mipsbig\etc\init.d访问

    \\192.168.1.1\sda1\asusware.mipsbig\etc\init.d

optware/entware


  1. 准备

    在使用此软件时,需要确认路由器是否支持U盘,并准备好U盘一个。

  2. 安装SmartDNS

    将软件使用winscp上传到路由器的/tmp目录。

    ipkg install smartdns.xxxxxxx.mipsbig.ipk
  3. 修改smartdns配置

    vi /opt/etc/smartdns/smartdns.conf

    另外,如需支持IPV6,可设置工作模式为2,将dnsmasq的DNS服务禁用,smartdns为主用DNS服务器。将文件/opt/etc/smartdns/smartdns-opt.conf,中的SMARTDNS_WORKMODE修改为2.

    SMARTDNS_WORKMODE="2"
  4. 重启路由器生效服务

    待路由器启动后,使用nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns查询域名
    看命令结果中的name项目是否显示为smartdns主机名,如smartdns则表示生效

    pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns
    Server:         192.168.1.1
    Address:        192.168.1.1#53
    
    Non-authoritative answer:
    smartdns        name = smartdns.

    注意:若服务没有自动启动,则需要设置optwre/entware自动启动,具体方法参考optware/entware的文档。

Windows 10 WSL安装/WSL ubuntu


  1. 安装Windows 10 WSL ubuntu系统

    安装Windows 10 WSL运行环境,发行版本选择ubuntu系统。安装步骤请参考WSL安装说明

  2. 安装smartdns

    下载安装包smartdns.xxxxxxxx.x86-linux-all.tar.gz,并解压到D盘根目录。解压后目录如下:

    D:\SMARTDNS
    ├─etc
    │  ├─default
    │  ├─init.d
    │  └─smartdns
    ├─package
    │  └─windows
    ├─src
    └─systemd
    

    双击D:\smartdns\package\windows目录下的install.bat进行安装。要求输入密码时,请输入WLS ubuntu的密码。

  3. 修改配置

    记事本打开D:\smartdns\etc\smartdns目录中的smartdns.conf配置文件配置smartdns。具体配置参数参考配置参数说明。
    一般情况下,只需要增加server [IP]:port, server-tcp [IP]:port配置项, 尽可能配置多个上游DNS服务器,包括国内外的服务器。配置参数请查看配置参数章节。

  4. 重新加载配置

    双击D:\smartdns\package\windows目录下的reload.bat进行安装。要求输入密码时,请输入WLS ubuntu的密码。

  5. 将DNS请求转发的SmartDNS解析。

    将Windows的默认DNS服务器修改为127.0.0.1,具体步骤参考IP配置

  6. 检测服务是否配置成功。

    使用nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns查询域名
    看命令结果中的name项目是否显示为smartdns主机名,如smartdns则表示生效

    pi@raspberrypi:~/code/smartdns_build $ nslookup -querytype=ptr smartdns
    Server:         192.168.1.1
    Address:        192.168.1.1#53
    
    Non-authoritative answer:
    smartdns  name = smartdns.

配置参数

参数 功能 默认值 配置值 例子
server-name DNS服务器名称 操作系统主机名/smartdns 符合主机名规格的字符串 server-name smartdns
bind DNS监听端口号 [::]:53 可绑定多个端口
IP:PORT: 服务器IP,端口号。
[-group]: 请求时使用的DNS服务器组。
[-no-rule-addr]:跳过address规则。
[-no-rule-nameserver]:跳过Nameserver规则。
[-no-rule-ipset]:跳过Ipset规则。
[no-rule-soa]:跳过SOA(#)规则.
[no-dualstack-selection]:停用双栈测速。
[-no-speed-check]:停用测速。
[-no-cache]:停止缓存
bind :53
bind-tcp TCP DNS监听端口号 [::]:53 可绑定多个端口
IP:PORT: 服务器IP,端口号。
[-group]: 请求时使用的DNS服务器组。
[-no-rule-addr]:跳过address规则。
[-no-rule-nameserver]:跳过Nameserver规则。
[-no-rule-ipset]:跳过Ipset规则。
[no-rule-soa]:跳过SOA(#)规则.
[no-dualstack-selection]:停用双栈测速。
[-no-speed-check]:停用测速。
[-no-cache]:停止缓存
bind-tcp :53
cache-size 域名结果缓存个数 512 数字 cache-size 512
cache-persist 是否持久化缓存 自动
cache-file 所在的位置有超过 128MB 的可用空间时启用,否则禁用。
[yes|no] cache-persist yes
cache-file 缓存持久化文件路径 /tmp/smartdns.cache 路径 cache-file /tmp/smartdns.cache
tcp-idle-time TCP链接空闲超时时间 120 数字 tcp-idle-time 120
rr-ttl 域名结果TTL 远程查询结果 大于0的数字 rr-ttl 600
rr-ttl-min 允许的最小TTL值 远程查询结果 大于0的数字 rr-ttl-min 60
rr-ttl-max 允许的最大TTL值 远程查询结果 大于0的数字 rr-ttl-max 600
log-level 设置日志级别 error fatal,error,warn,notice,info,debug log-level error
log-file 日志文件路径 /var/log/smartdns.log 路径 log-file /var/log/smartdns.log
log-size 日志大小 128K 数字+K,M,G log-size 128K
log-num 日志归档个数 2 数字 log-num 2
audit-enable 设置审计启用 no [yes|no] audit-enable yes
audit-file 审计文件路径 /var/log/smartdns-audit.log 路径 audit-file /var/log/smartdns-audit.log
audit-size 审计大小 128K 数字+K,M,G audit-size 128K
audit-num 审计归档个数 2 数字 audit-num 2
conf-file 附加配置文件 文件路径 conf-file /etc/smartdns/smartdns.more.conf
server 上游UDP DNS 可重复
[ip][:port]:服务器IP,端口可选。
[-blacklist-ip]:blacklist-ip参数指定使用blacklist-ip配置IP过滤结果。
[-whitelist-ip]:whitelist-ip参数指定仅接受whitelist-ip中配置IP范围。
[-group [group] ...]:DNS服务器所属组,比如office, foreign,和nameserver配套使用。
[-exclude-default-group]:将DNS服务器从默认组中排除
server 8.8.8.8:53 -blacklist-ip -group g1
server-tcp 上游TCP DNS 可重复
[ip][:port]:服务器IP,端口可选。
[-blacklist-ip]:blacklist-ip参数指定使用blacklist-ip配置IP过滤结果。
[-whitelist-ip]:whitelist-ip参数指定仅接受whitelist-ip中配置IP范围。
[-group [group] ...]:DNS服务器所属组,比如office, foreign,和nameserver配套使用。
[-exclude-default-group]:将DNS服务器从默认组中排除
server-tcp 8.8.8.8:53
server-tls 上游TLS DNS 可重复
[ip][:port]:服务器IP,端口可选。
[-spki-pin [sha256-pin]]: TLS合法性校验SPKI值,base64编码的sha256 SPKI pin值
[-host-name]:TLS SNI名称。
[-tls-host-verify]: TLS证书主机名校验。
-no-check-certificate::跳过证书校验。
[-blacklist-ip]:blacklist-ip参数指定使用blacklist-ip配置IP过滤结果。
[-whitelist-ip]:whitelist-ip参数指定仅接受whitelist-ip中配置IP范围。
[-group [group] ...]:DNS服务器所属组,比如office, foreign,和nameserver配套使用。
[-exclude-default-group]:将DNS服务器从默认组中排除
server-tls 8.8.8.8:853
server-https 上游HTTPS DNS 可重复
https://[host][:port]/path:服务器IP,端口可选。
[-spki-pin [sha256-pin]]: TLS合法性校验SPKI值,base64编码的sha256 SPKI pin值
[-host-name]:TLS SNI名称
[-http-host]:http协议头主机名。
[-tls-host-verify]: TLS证书主机名校验。
-no-check-certificate::跳过证书校验。
[-blacklist-ip]:blacklist-ip参数指定使用blacklist-ip配置IP过滤结果。
[-whitelist-ip]:whitelist-ip参数指定仅接受whitelist-ip中配置IP范围。
[-group [group] ...]:DNS服务器所属组,比如office, foreign,和nameserver配套使用。
[-exclude-default-group]:将DNS服务器从默认组中排除
server-https https://cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query
speed-check-mode 测速模式选择 [ping|tcp:[80]|none] speed-check-mode ping,tcp:80
address 指定域名IP地址 address /domain/[ip|-|-4|-6|#|#4|#6]
-表示忽略
#表示返回SOA
4表示IPV4
6表示IPV6
address /www.example.com/1.2.3.4
nameserver 指定域名使用server组解析 nameserver /domain/[group|-], group为组名,-表示忽略此规则,配套server中的-group参数使用 nameserver /www.example.com/office
ipset 域名IPSET None ipset /domain/[ipset|-], -表示忽略 ipset /www.example.com/pass
ipset-timeout 设置IPSET超时功能启用 auto [yes] ipset-timeout yes
domain-rules 设置域名规则 domain-rules /domain/ [-rules...]
[-c|-speed-check-mode]: 测速模式,参考speed-check-mode配置
[-a|-address]: 参考address配置
[-n|-nameserver]: 参考nameserver配置
[-p|-ipset]:参考ipset配置
[-d|-dualstack-ip-selection]: 参考dualstack-ip-selection
domain-rules /www.example.com/ -speed-check-mode none
bogus-nxdomain 假冒IP地址过滤 [ip/subnet],可重复 bogus-nxdomain 1.2.3.4/16
ignore-ip 忽略IP地址 [ip/subnet],可重复 ignore-ip 1.2.3.4/16
whitelist-ip 白名单IP地址 [ip/subnet],可重复 whitelist-ip 1.2.3.4/16
blacklist-ip 黑名单IP地址 [ip/subnet],可重复 blacklist-ip 1.2.3.4/16
force-AAAA-SOA 强制AAAA地址返回SOA no [yes|no] force-AAAA-SOA yes
prefetch-domain 域名预先获取功能 no [yes|no] prefetch-domain yes
serve-expired 过期缓存服务功能 no [yes|no],开启此功能后,如果有请求时尝试回应TTL为0的过期记录,并并发查询记录,以避免查询等待 serve-expired yes
serve-expired-ttl 过期缓存服务最长超时时间 0 秒,0:表示停用超时,> 0表示指定的超时的秒数 serve-expired-ttl 0
serve-expired-reply-ttl 回应的过期缓存TTL 5 秒,0:表示停用超时,> 0表示指定的超时的秒数 serve-expired-reply-ttl 30
dualstack-ip-selection 双栈IP优选 no [yes|no] dualstack-ip-selection yes
dualstack-ip-selection-threshold 双栈IP优选阈值 30ms 毫秒 dualstack-ip-selection-threshold [0-1000]
ca-file 证书文件 /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt 路径 ca-file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
ca-path 证书文件路径 /etc/ssl/certs 路径 ca-path /etc/ssl/certs

FAQ

  1. SmartDNS和DNSMASQ有什么区别
    SMARTDNS在设计上并不是替换DNSMASQ的,SMARTDNS主要功能集中在DNS解析增强上,增强部分有:

    • 多上游服务器并发请求,对结果进行测速后,返回最佳结果;
    • address,ipset域名匹配采用高效算法,查询匹配更加快速高效,路由器设备依然高效。
    • 域名匹配支持忽略特定域名,可单独匹配IPv4, IPV6,支持多样化定制。
    • 针对广告屏蔽功能做增强,返回SOA,屏蔽广告效果更佳;
    • IPV4,IPV6双栈IP优选机制,在双网情况下,选择最快的网络通讯。
    • 支持最新的TLS, HTTPS协议,提供安全的DNS查询能力。
    • ECS支持,是查询结果更佳准确。
    • IP黑名单,忽略IP机制,使域名查询更佳准确。
    • 域名预查询,访问常用网站更加快速。
    • 域名TTL可指定,使访问更快速。
    • 高速缓存机制,使访问更快速。
    • 异步日志,审计机制,在记录信息的同时不影响DNS查询性能。
    • 域名组(group)机制,特定域名使用特定上游服务器组查询,避免隐私泄漏。
    • 第二DNS支持自定义更多行为。
  2. 如何配置上游服务器最佳。
    smartdns有测速机制,在配置上游服务器时,建议配置多个上游DNS服务器,包含多个不同区域的服务器,但总数建议在10个左右。推荐配置

    • 运营商DNS。
    • 国内公共DNS,如119.29.29.29, 223.5.5.5
    • 国外公共DNS,如8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4
  3. 如何启用审计日志
    审计日志记录客户端请求的域名,记录信息包括,请求时间,请求IP,请求域名,请求类型,如果要启用审计日志,在配置界面配置audit-enable yes启用,audit-size, audit-file, audit-num分别配置审计日志文件大小,审计日志文件路径,和审计日志文件个数。审计日志文件将会压缩存储以节省空间。

  4. 如何避免隐私泄漏
    smartdns默认情况下,会将请求发送到所有配置的DNS服务器,若上游DNS服务器使用DNS,或记录日志,将会导致隐私泄漏。为避免隐私泄漏,请尽量:

    • 配置使用可信的DNS服务器。
    • 优先使用TLS查询。
    • 设置上游DNS服务器组。
  5. 如何屏蔽广告
    smartdns具备高性能域名匹配算法,通过域名方式过滤广告非常高效,如要屏蔽广告,只需要配置类似如下记录即可,如,屏蔽*.ad.com,则配置:

    address /ad.com/#

    域名的使后缀模式,过滤*.ad.com,#表示返回SOA,使屏蔽广告更加高效,如果要单独屏蔽IPV4, 或IPV6, 在#后面增加数字,如#4表示对IPV4生效。若想忽略特定子域名的屏蔽,可配置如下,如忽略pass.ad.com,可配置如下:

    address /pass.ad.com/-
  6. 如何使用DNS查询分流
    某些情况下,需要将有些域名使用特定的DNS服务器来查询来做到DNS分流。比如。

    .home -> 192.168.1.1
    .office -> 10.0.0.1

    .home 结尾的域名发送到192.168.1.1解析
    .office 结尾的域名发送到10.0.0.1解析 其他域名采用默认的模式解析。 这种情况的分流配置如下:

    #配置上游,用-group指定组名,用-exclude-default-group将服务器从默认组中排除。
    server 192.168.1.1 -group home -exclude-default-group
    server 10.0.0.1 -group office -exclude-default-group
    server 8.8.8.8
    
    #配置解析的域名
    nameserver /.home/home
    nameserver /.office/office

    通过上述配置即可实现DNS解析分流,如果需要实现按请求端端口分流,可以配置第二DNS服务器,bind配置增加--group参数指定分流名称。

    bind :7053 -group office
    bind :8053 -group home
  7. IPV4, IPV6双栈IP优选功能如何使用
    目前IPV6已经开始普及,但IPV6网络在速度上,某些情况下还不如IPV4,为在双栈网络下获得较好的体验,smartdns提供来双栈IP优选机制,同一个域名,若IPV4的速度远快与IPV6,那么smartdns就会阻止IPV6的解析,让PC使用IPV4访问,具体配置文件通过dualstack-ip-selection yes启用此功能,通过dualstack-ip-selection-threshold [time]来修改阈值。如果要完全禁止IPV6 AAAA记录解析,可设置force-AAAA-SOA yes

  8. 如何提高cache效率,加快访问速度
    smartdns提供了域名缓存机制,对查询的域名,进行缓存,缓存时间符合DNS TTL规范。为提高缓存命中率,可采用如下措施:

    • 适当增大cache的记录数
      通过cache-size来设置缓存记录数。
      查询压力大的环境下,并且有内存大的机器的情况下,可适当调大。

    • 适当设置最小TTL值
      通过rr-ttl-min将最低DNS TTL时间设置为一个合理值,延长缓存时间。
      建议是超时时间设置在10~30分钟,避免服务器域名变化时,查询到失效域名。

    • 开启域名预获取功能
      通过prefetch-domain yes来启用域名预先获取功能,提高查询命中率。
      配合上述ttl超时时间,smartdns将在域名ttl即将超时使,再次发送查询请求,并缓存查询结果供后续使用。频繁访问的域名将会持续缓存。此功能将在空闲时消耗更多的CPU。

    • 过期缓存服务功能
      通过serve-expired来启用过期缓存服务功能,可提高缓存命中率的同时,降低CPU占用。
      此功能会在TTL超时后,将返回TTL=0给客户端,并且同时再次发送查询请求,并缓存新的结果给后续使用。

  9. 第二DNS如何自定义更多行为
    第二DNS可以作为其他DNS服务器的上游,提供更多的查询行为,通过bind配置支持可以绑定多个端口,不同端口可设置不同的标志,实现不同的功能,如

    # 绑定 6053端口,6053端口的请求将采用配置office组的上游查询,且不对结果进行测速,忽略address的配置地址。
    bind [::]:6053 -no-speed-check -group office -no-rule-addr

编译

smartdns包含了编译软件包的脚本,支持编译luci,debian,openwrt,optare安装包,可执行package/build-pkg.sh编译。

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开源声明

Smartdns 基于GPL V3协议开源。

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The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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